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[81] [82] Concerns regarding the long-term effects of benzodiazepines have been raised since 1980. [83] These concerns are still not fully answered. A review in 2006 of the literature on use of benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics concluded that more research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of hypnotic drugs. [84]
Zonisamide may also interact with other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors to increase the potential for metabolic acidosis. [5] Additionally, the metabolism of zonisamide is inhibited by ketoconazole, ciclosporin, miconazole, fluconazole and carbamazepine (in descending order of inhibition) due to their effects on the CYP3A4 enzyme. [22]
Benzodiazepine use disorder (BUD), also called misuse or abuse, [1] is the use of benzodiazepines without a prescription and/or for recreational purposes, which poses risks of dependence, withdrawal and other long-term effects. [2] [3] Benzodiazepines are one of the more common prescription drugs used recreationally.
However, some agents including bupropion, naltrexone and mirtazapine have demonstrated positive effects in treating addiction to amphetamine-type stimulants. [44] Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have shown to be a potential treatment target. [53] Notably, benzodiazepines addiction often occurs as a result of polydrug abuse, most commonly with ...
The adverse side effects of Adderall are many and varied, but the amount of substance consumed is the primary factor in determining the likelihood and severity of side effects. [20] [31] Adderall is currently approved for long-term therapeutic use by the USFDA. [20]
Diversion, abuse, and a relatively high rate of overdose deaths in comparison to other drugs of its group. This drug continues to be available in most of the world including the US, but under strict controls. Terfenadine (Seldane, Triludan) 1997–1998 France, South Africa, Oman, others, US Prolonged QT interval; ventricular tachycardia [2] [3]
A 2015 study examined the long-term effects of stimulant medication for ADHD, and reported that stimulants are a highly effective treatment for ADHD in the short term when used properly. [89] The findings for long term effects were limited. However, this study concluded that stimulant medication is a safe and effective treatment for ADHD.
Zonegran (zonisamide) – an anticonvulsant used to treat other seizures; Zulresso (brexanolone) – a GABA modulator antidepressant; Zyban (bupropion) – same active ingredient as Wellbutrin, but marketed as a smoking cessation aid; Zyprexa – atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder