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The property tax most citizens are aware of is known as an ad valorem tax. This tax is used to fund general or day-to-day government operations. An ad valorem tax is commonly levied on both real and personal property. A property tax is based upon a property's market value.
For the 10 years of the tax benefit period, reduced local school district revenues are substantially replaced with state funds through the state public school finance system. [4] The Texas Tax Code gives the Texas Comptroller's office responsibility and authority to adopt rules necessary for the implementation and administration of the program. [5]
This tax may be imposed on real estate or personal property. The tax is nearly always computed as the fair market value of the property, multiplied by an assessment ratio, multiplied by a tax rate, and is generally an obligation of the owner of the property. Values are determined by local officials, and may be disputed by property owners.
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The word tax assessment is used in different ways, but often refers to a tax liability owed by a taxpayer. In the case of property, a tax assessment is an evaluation or an estimate of value that is typically performed by a tax assessor. The assessment leads to an "assessed value," which is a base number used in the calculation of the property tax.
The administration of real estate tax is handled by the municipality in whose territory the real estate lies. In cities with multiple city districts, the tax administration of real estate tax is handled by the department of local taxes and fees and not by the city districts. For example, Bratislava or Košice. [55]
The real estate tax is not imposed by five of the United States of America and those are Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, North Dakota, and Wyoming. In this broader sense, estate tax, gift tax, capital gains tax, sales tax on goods (not services), and certain use taxes are all transfer taxes because they involve a tax on the transfer of title.
Pollock argued that since a tax on real estate is a direct tax, a tax on the income from such property should be a direct tax as well. Because the Constitution prohibited a " direct tax " unless the tax is apportioned, Pollock argued that the unapportioned income tax should be declared unconstitutional.