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In chemistry, a condenser is laboratory apparatus used to condense vapors – that is, turn them into liquids – by cooling them down. [1] Condensers are routinely used in laboratory operations such as distillation, reflux, and extraction. In distillation, a mixture is heated until the more volatile components boil off, the vapors are ...
Laboratory distillation set-up using, ... Thermometer/Boiling point temperature 5: Condenser 6: Cooling water in 7: ... This diagram was created with Inkscape.
Laboratory model of a still. 1: The heat source to boil the mixture 2: round-bottom flask containing the mixture to be boiled 3: the head of the still 4: mixture boiling-point thermometer 5: the condenser of the still 6: the cooling-water inlet of the condenser 7: the cooling-water outlet of the condenser 8: the distillate-receiving flask
An Erlenmeyer flask is used as a receiving flask, while a Liebig condenser is used to carry out the condensation. Here the distillation head and fractionating column are combined in one piece. The apparatus shown in the diagram represents a batch distillation as opposed to a continuous distillation.
Fractional distillation in a laboratory makes use of common laboratory glassware and apparatuses, typically including a Bunsen burner, a round-bottomed flask and a condenser, as well as the single-purpose fractionating column. Fractional distillation. As an example, consider the distillation of a mixture of water and ethanol. Ethanol boils at ...
Liebig condenser. The Liebig condenser (/ ˈ l iː b ɪ ɡ /, LEE-big) [1] or straight condenser is a piece of laboratory equipment, specifically a condenser consisting of a straight glass tube surrounded by a water jacket. In typical laboratory operation, such as distillation, the condenser is clamped to a retort stand in vertical
Figure 1: Fractional distillation apparatus using a Liebig condenser. Vigreux column in a laboratory setup. A laboratory fractionating column is a piece of glassware used to separate vaporized mixtures of liquid compounds with close volatility.
When performed on a larger scale, this technique is called freeze-drying, and the cold trap is referred to as the condenser. Cold traps are also used in cryopump systems to generate hard vacua by condensing the major constituents of the atmosphere ( nitrogen , oxygen , carbon dioxide and water ) into their liquid or solid forms.