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Single-stranded DNA is produced during all aspects of DNA metabolism: replication, recombination, and repair. As well as stabilizing this single-stranded DNA, SSB proteins bind to and modulate the function of numerous proteins involved in all of these processes. Active E. coli SSB is composed of four identical 19 kDa subunits. Binding of single ...
In ICP8, the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) single-strand DNA-binding protein (ssDNA-binding protein (SSB)), the head consists of the eight alpha helices.The front side of the neck region consists of a five-stranded beta-sheet and two alpha helices, whereas the back side is a three-stranded beta-sheet The shoulder part of the N-terminal domain contains an alpha-helical and beta-sheet region. [1]
Steps in DNA synthesis, with RPA shown. Replication protein A (RPA) is the major protein that binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in eukaryotic cells. [1] [2] In vitro, RPA shows a much higher affinity for ssDNA than RNA or double-stranded DNA. [3]
To counteract this instability, single-strand binding proteins (SSB in prokaryotes and Replication protein A in eukaryotes) bind to the exposed bases to prevent improper ligation. If you consider each strand as a "dynamic, stretchy string", the structural potential for improper ligation should be obvious.
A distinct group of DNA-binding proteins are the DNA-binding proteins that specifically bind single-stranded DNA. In humans, replication protein A is the best-understood member of this family and is used in processes where the double helix is separated, including DNA replication, recombination and DNA repair. [18]
To prevent this, single-strand binding proteins bind to the DNA until a second strand is synthesized, preventing secondary structure formation. [ 43 ] Double-stranded DNA is coiled around histones that play an important role in regulating gene expression so the replicated DNA must be coiled around histones at the same places as the original DNA ...
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Due to the tight association of histone proteins to DNA, eukaryotic cells have proteins that are designed to remodel histones ahead of the replication fork, in order to allow smooth progression of the replisome. [137] There are also proteins involved in reassembling histones behind the replication fork to reestablish the nucleosome conformation ...