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In organic chemistry, phosphate or orthophosphate is an organophosphate, an ester of orthophosphoric acid of the form PO 4 RR′R″ where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups. An example is trimethyl phosphate, (CH 3) 3 PO 4. The term also refers to the trivalent functional group OP(O-) 3 in such esters.
These solids are polymeric, featuring P-O-M linkages. When the metal cation has a charge of 2+ or 3+, the salts are generally insoluble, hence they exist as common minerals. Many phosphate salts are derived from hydrogen phosphate (HPO 4 2−). PCl 5 and PF 5 are common compounds. PF 5 is a colourless gas and the molecules have trigonal ...
The term phosphate is also used in organic chemistry for the functional groups that result when one or more of the hydrogens are replaced by bonds to other groups. These acids, together with their salts and esters , include some of the best-known compounds of phosphorus, of high importance in biochemistry , mineralogy , agriculture , pharmacy ...
The existence of free, gas-phase phosphorus mononitride was confirmed spectroscopically in 1934 by Nobel laureate, Gerhard Herzberg, and coworkers. [8] J. Curry, L. Herzberg, and G. Herzberg made the accidental discovery after observing new bands in the UV region from 2375 to 2992 Å [9] following an electric discharge within an air-filled tube that had been earlier exposed to phosphorus.
The difference between successive pK a values is sufficiently large so that salts of either monohydrogen phosphate, HPO 2− 4 or dihydrogen phosphate, H 2 PO − 4, can be prepared from a solution of phosphoric acid by adjusting the pH to be mid-way between the respective pK a values.
Hydrogen phosphate or monohydrogen phosphate (systematic name) is the inorganic ion with the formula [HPO 4] 2-. Its formula can also be written as [PO 3 (OH)] 2-. Together with dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogenphosphate occurs widely in natural systems. Their salts are used in fertilizers and in cooking. [1]
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Thiophosphates (or phosphorothioates, PS) are chemical compounds and anions with the general chemical formula PS 4−x O 3− x (x = 0, 1, 2, or 3) and related derivatives where organic groups are attached to one or more O or S. Thiophosphates feature tetrahedral phosphorus(V) centers. [1]