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Epiretinal membrane or macular pucker is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes.Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
Macular pucker – formation of a patch of unhealthy tissue in the central retina (the macula) distorting vision. Also called epiretinal membrane . After vitrectomy to remove the vitreous gel, membranectomy is undertaken to peel away the tissue.
Macular pucker: Macular pucker also known as an epiretinal membrane cause metamorphopsia and distortions in central field of vision. Cystoid macular edema: Due to macular edema, micropsia may occur. [3] Glaucoma: Amsler grid is useful in detecting central field defects in moderate to severe glaucoma. [7]
Traction caused by VMA is the underlying pathology of an eye disease called symptomatic VMA. There is evidence that symptomatic VMA can contribute to the development of several well-known eye disorders, such as macular hole and macular pucker, that can cause visual impairment, including blindness.
Recently, central serous chorioretinopathy has been understood to be part of the pachychoroid spectrum. [5] [6] In pachychoroid spectrum disorders, of which CSR represents stage II, the choroid, the highly vascularized layer below the retina, is thickened and congested with increased blood vessel diameter, especially in the deep choroid (the so-called Haller's layer).
Macular scarring is formation of the fibrous tissue in place of the normal retinal tissue on the macular area of the retina which provides the sharpest vision in the eyes. It is usually a result of an inflammatory or infectious process.. [ 1 ]
Purtscher's retinopathy is a disease where part of the eye is damaged.Usually associated with severe head injuries, it may also occur with other types of trauma, such as long bone fractures, or with several non-traumatic systemic diseases.
Intraocular hemorrhage is classified based on the location of the bleeding: Hyphema (in the anterior chamber); Suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) is a rare complication of intraocular surgery in which blood from the ciliary arteries enters the space between the choroid and the sclera.
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