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Cross-cultural psychologists are turning more to the study of how differences (variance) occur, rather than searching for universals in the style of physics or chemistry. [2] [4] While cross-cultural psychology represented only a minor area of psychology prior to WWII, it began to grow in importance during the 1960s.
In the 1950s and early 1960s, Klineberg held a senior post in the social sciences in UNESCO. He helped found the International Social Science Council and the International Union of Psychological Science, on which he served on the executive committee (1951–1969), as secretary-general (1955–1960) and as president (1960–1963).
[6] [7] [8] He was president of several academic societies, includingthe International Association of Cross-Cultural Psychology (1976), the Interamerican Society of Psychology (1987–1989), the Association of Applied Psychology (1990–1994), and Division 8 and 9 of the American Psychological Association in 1977 and 1976, respectively. [9]
He was ranked 59th out of the 100 most eminent psychologists of the twentieth century in 2002 by the Review of General Psychology. [3] His empirical and theoretical work helped to restart the study of emotion and non-verbal communication in the field of psychology, and introduced new quantitative frameworks which researchers could use to do so.
Patricia Marks Greenfield (born July 18, 1940) [1] is an American psychologist and professor known for her research in the fields of culture and human development. She is a Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of California in Los Angeles and served as president of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology from 2014–2016.
Malinowski, in what is considered an important contribution to cross-cultural psychology, challenged the claim, to universality, of Freud's theory of the Oedipus complex. [42] Malinowski initiated a cross-cultural approach in Sex and Repression in Savage Society (1927), demonstrating that specific psychological complexes are not universal.
It is less known that Luria's main interests, before the war, were in the field of cultural and developmental research in psychology. He became famous for his studies of low-educated populations of nomadic Uzbeks in the Uzbek SSR arguing that they demonstrate different (and lower) psychological performance than their contemporaries and ...
The major influences on cultural-historical psychology were the mechanist neurophysiology of Ivan Pavlov and Vladimir Bekhterev (during the so-called "instrumental period" of the 1920s), [26] philosophy of language and culture of Wilhelm von Humboldt and his followers, [27] socio-economic philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and ...