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However, in ER-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7, estradiol caused a dose-dependent decrease in LKB1 transcript and protein expression leading to a significant decrease in the phosphorylation of the LKB1 target AMPK. ERα binds to the STK11 promoter in a ligand-independent manner and this interaction is decreased in the presence of ...
One of the key pathways in AMPK's regulation of fatty acid oxidation is the phosphorylation and inactivation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. [28] Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) converts acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 . CPT-1 transports fatty acids into the mitochondria for oxidation. Inactivation of ACC ...
mTOR signaling pathway. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway important in regulating the cell cycle. Therefore, it is directly related to cellular quiescence, proliferation, cancer, and longevity. PI3K activation phosphorylates and activates AKT, localizing it in the plasma membrane. [1]
The AMPK pathway is related to LKB1 and altered in non-small-cell lung cancer. [9] [12] A non-small-cell lung cancer altered AMPK pathway can be reinitiated by treatment with the type 2 diabetes medication Metformin. [9] [13] [14] Shaw uses a combination of genetic engineering in mice and interdisciplinary studies across cancer, diabetes ...
Signalling pathways are deregulated in cancer. Hanahan and Weinberg compared the signalling pathways to electronic circuits where transistors are replaced by proteins. The prototypical Ras pathway starts with an extracellular signal from growth factors (such as TGF-α).
AMPK is a cellular energy sensor conserved in all eukaryotic cells. The kinase activity of AMPK is activated by the stimuli that increase the cellular AMP/ATP ratio. AMPK regulates the activities of a number of key metabolic enzymes through phosphorylation. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming ...
Galectin-9, through its cytoplasmic action in control of AMPK, [11] [12] may affect various health conditions impacted by AMPK, including metabolism, obesity, diabetes, cancer, immune responses, and may be a part of the mechanism of action of the widely-prescribed anti-diabetes drug metformin. [12]
[30] [31] AMPK is an important energy sensor in cells and negative regulator of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) [32] suggesting that FLCN and FNIP1 may play a role in modulating mTOR activity through energy- or nutrient-sensing pathways.