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The exact distinction between the two main parts of the psalm is also controversial, as verse 23 is sometimes counted as a part of the original psalm, but sometimes as part of the later addition. The original psalm (v. 2-22/23) is thought to date from the pre-exilic period, that is, before the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem in 587 BC .
Others see these words in the context of Psalm 22 and suggest that Jesus recited these words, perhaps even the whole psalm, "that he might show himself to be the very Being to whom the words refer; so that the Jewish scribes and people might examine and see the cause why he would not descend from the cross; namely, because this very psalm ...
The 23rd psalm, in which this phrase appears, uses the image of God as a shepherd and the believer as a sheep well cared-for. Julian Morgenstern has suggested that the word translated as "cup" could contain a double meaning: both a "cup" in the normal sense of the word, and a shallow trough from which one would give water to a sheep. [4]
Psalm 23 is traditionally sung during the third Shabbat meal [14] [15] as well as before the first and second, and in some of Jewish communities during the Kiddush. It is also commonly recited in the presence of a deceased person, such as by those keeping watch over the body before burial, and at the funeral service itself.
The oldest surviving manuscript of the psalm comes from the Dead Sea Scrolls, first discovered in 1947. Significantly, the 5/6 H. ev–Sev4Ps Fragment 11 of Psalm 22 contains the crucial word in the form of what some have suggested may be a third person plural verb, written כארו (“dug”).
Psalm 31 is the 31st psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "In thee, O L ORD, do I put my trust". In Latin, it is known as " In te Domine speravi ". [ 1 ] The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Hebrew Bible , [ 2 ] and a book of the Christian Old Testament .
This is an outline of commentaries and commentators.Discussed are the salient points of Jewish, patristic, medieval, and modern commentaries on the Bible. The article includes discussion of the Targums, Mishna, and Talmuds, which are not regarded as Bible commentaries in the modern sense of the word, but which provide the foundation for later commentary.
Liturgical reforms by the Catholic Church after the Second Vatican Council led to the removal of some of the imprecatory psalms from the Divine Office, or the editing of more problematic passages for liturgical use. [8] Several theories have been put forth to interpret these psalms, justify their inclusion in the Bible, and apply them to life.
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