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  2. Byte addressing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_addressing

    Their 32-bit linear addresses can address 4 billion different items. Using word addressing, a 32-bit processor could address 4 Gigawords; or 16 Gigabytes using the modern 8-bit byte. If the 386 and its successors had used word addressing, scientists, engineers, and gamers could all have run programs that were 4x larger on 32-bit machines.

  3. x32 ABI - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X32_ABI

    For example, the Solaris operating system does so for both SPARC and x86-64. On the Linux side, Debian also ships an ILP32 userspace. The underlying reason is the somewhat "more expensive" nature of LP64 code, [8] just like it has been shown for x86-64. In that regard, the x32 ABI extends the ILP32-on-64bit concept to the x86-64 platform.

  4. Memory address - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_address

    The efficiency of addressing of memory depends on the bit size of the bus used for addresses – the more bits used, the more addresses are available to the computer. For example, an 8-bit-byte-addressable machine with a 20-bit address bus (e.g. Intel 8086) can address 2 20 (1,048,576) memory locations, or one MiB of memory, while a 32-bit bus ...

  5. x86 instruction listings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_instruction_listings

    These instructions are also available in 32-bit mode, in which they operate on 32-bit registers (eax, ebx, etc.) and values instead of their 16-bit (ax, bx, etc.) counterparts. The updated instruction set is grouped according to architecture ( i186 , i286 , i386 , i486 , i586 / i686 ) and is referred to as (32-bit) x86 and (64-bit) x86-64 (also ...

  6. x86 assembly language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_assembly_language

    Using the software interrupt 21h instruction to call the MS-DOS operating system for output to the display – other samples use libc's C printf() routine to write to stdout. Note that the first example, is a 30-year-old example using 16-bit mode as on an Intel 8086. The second example is Intel 386 code in 32-bit mode.

  7. Physical Address Extension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_Address_Extension

    The 32-bit size of the virtual address is not changed, so regular application software continues to use instructions with 32-bit addresses and (in a flat memory model) is limited to 4 gigabytes of virtual address space. Operating systems supporting this mode use page tables to map the regular 4 GB virtual address space into the physical memory ...

  8. Virtual address space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_address_space

    In computing, a virtual address space (VAS) or address space is the set of ranges of virtual addresses that an operating system makes available to a process. [1] The range of virtual addresses usually starts at a low address and can extend to the highest address allowed by the computer's instruction set architecture and supported by the operating system's pointer size implementation, which can ...

  9. 32-bit computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32-bit_computing

    A 32-bit register can store 2 32 different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 32 bits depends on the integer representation used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through 4,294,967,295 (2 32 − 1) for representation as an binary number, and −2,147,483,648 (−2 31) through 2,147,483,647 (2 31 − 1) for representation as two's complement.