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The Indian Territory (highlighted in red) in 1834 A U.S. Department of Interior map of the Indian Territory in 1879 A map of the gradual opening of the Oklahoma Territory and the Indian Territory, which were merged to form the state of Oklahoma in 1907
The Arkansaw Territory division: showing the progression of Indian Territory separation from Arkansas Territory, 1819–1836 Map of Southern United States during the time of the Indian Removals (Trail of Tears), 1830–1838, showing the historic lands of the Five Civilized Tribes. The destination Indian Territory is depicted in light yellow-green.
A map of the process of Indian Removal, 1830–1838. Oklahoma is depicted in light yellow-green. In 1830, a group of Indian nations collectively referred to as the "Five Civilized Tribes" (the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee, and Seminole nations), were living autonomously in what would later be termed the American Deep South.
The Cherokee removal (May 25, 1838 – 1839), part of the Indian removal, refers to the forced displacement of an estimated 15,500 Cherokees and 1,500 African-American slaves from the U.S. states of Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Alabama to the West according to the terms of the 1835 Treaty of New Echota. [1]
During the American Civil War, most of what is now the U.S. state of Oklahoma was designated as the Indian Territory.It served as an unorganized region that had been set aside specifically for Native American tribes and was occupied mostly by tribes which had been removed from their ancestral lands in the Southeastern United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
Map showing the 1832 Chickasaw land cession of their territory in northern Mississippi and the land in Indian Territory acquired in the Treaty of Doaksville. Immediately following the treaty, unallotted Chickasaw land was quickly occupied by white settlers, although they were not supposed to enter, under the treaty, until the Chickasaw relocated.
The majority of Cherokees were forcibly relocated westward to Indian Territory in 1838–1839, a migration known as the Trail of Tears or in Cherokee ᏅᎾ ᏓᎤᎳ ᏨᏱ or Nvna Daula Tsvyi (Cherokee: The Trail Where They Cried). This took place under the authority of the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
A map of the Six Nations land cessions. The Six Nations land cessions were a series of land cessions by the Haudenosaunee and Lenape which ceded large amounts of land, including both recently conquered territories acquired from other indigenous peoples in the Beaver Wars, and ancestral lands to the Thirteen Colonies and the United States.