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The vast majority of computer surveillance involves the monitoring of data and traffic on the Internet. [9] In the United States for example, under the Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act, all phone calls and broadband Internet traffic (emails, web traffic, instant messaging, etc.) are required to be available for unimpeded real-time monitoring by federal law enforcement agencies.
The vast majority of computer surveillance involves the monitoring of personal data and traffic on the Internet. [7] For example, in the United States, the Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act mandates that all phone calls and broadband internet traffic (emails, web traffic, instant messaging, etc.) be available for unimpeded, real-time monitoring by Federal law enforcement agencies.
Countersurveillance refers to measures that are usually undertaken by the public to prevent surveillance, [1] including covert surveillance.Countersurveillance may include electronic methods such as technical surveillance counter-measures, which is the process of detecting surveillance devices.
Sousveillance can be used to "counter" surveillance or it can be used with surveillance to create a more complete "veillance" ("Surveillance is a half-truth without sousveillance" [32]). The question of "Who watches the watchers" is dealt with more properly under the topic of metaveillance [33] (the veillance of veillance) than sousveillance.
The Indian Supreme Court with nine-judge bench under JS Khehar, ruled on 24 August 2017, that the right to privacy is a fundamental right for Indian citizens per Article 21 of the Constitution and additionally under Part III rights. Specifically, the court adopted the three-pronged test required for the encroachment of any Article 21 right ...
Targeted surveillance can be carried out overtly or covertly, and can involve human agents. Under the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA), targeted covert surveillance is “directed” if it is carried out for a specific investigation or operation. By comparison, if it is carried out on designated premises or on a vehicle, it is ...
He finds, under a blanket, a battery-powered night light, smaller than a fingernail. Staying awake past 10 is against the rules, everyone knows that. “You people amaze me,” he says, whistling ...
In response to the shift from brick and mortar carceral institutions to what law enforcement termed "community control" under electronic monitoring, an oppositional movement pushed back, describing a widening net of "mass incarceration to mass surveillance" that threatened privacy and individual freedom while reinforcing social stratification ...