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The foot acts as a lever arm directly attached to the calf muscle, but more than that, it absorbs the impulse from the ground and adapts dynamically to changes in the ground's surface. Transtibial amputees lose the muscle activation pathways necessary for the physical ability to generate work about the ankle joint, as well as the somatosensory ...
Fat necrosis is necrosis affecting fat tissue (adipose tissue). [1] The term is well-established in medical terminology despite not denoting a specific pattern of necrosis. [ 2 ] Fat necrosis may result from various injuries to adipose tissue, including: physical trauma, enzymatic digestion of adipocytes by lipases , [ 3 ] radiation therapy ...
Recurrent ulceration and fat necrosis is associated with lipodermatosclerosis. In advanced lipodermatosclerosis the proximal leg swells from chronic venous obstruction and the lower leg shrinks from chronic ulceration and fat necrosis resulting in the inverted coke bottle appearance of the lower leg.
Lipoatrophy is the localised loss of fat in tissue. It is common in diabetics who use conventional insulin injection treatment. [4] In 1949, a much more pure form of insulin was, instead of causing lipoatrophy, shown to regenerate the localised loss of fat after injections in to diabetics. [4]
[4] [12] Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry may be useful by providing both regional %fat measurements, and direct visualization of fat distribution by means of a "fat shadow". [13] A genetic confirmation is sometimes possible, depending on the subtype. However, in up to 40% of partial lipodystrophy patients, a causative gene has not been ...
Panniculitis is a group of diseases whose hallmark is inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (the fatty layer under the skin – panniculus adiposus). [1] Symptoms include tender skin nodules, and systemic signs such as weight loss and fatigue.
Necrobiosis lipoidica is a rare, chronic skin condition predominantly associated with diabetes mellitus (known as necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum or NLD). [1] It can also occur in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis or without any underlying conditions (). [2]
The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat between the dermis and underlying fascia. [14] This tissue may be further divided into two components, the actual fatty layer, or panniculus adiposus, and a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus. [3] The main cellular component of this tissue is the adipocyte, or fat cell. [14]