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Turpentine (which is also called spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, terebenthine, terebenthene, terebinthine and, colloquially, turps) [2] is a fluid obtained by the distillation of resin harvested from living trees, mainly pines. Principally used as a specialized solvent, it is also a source of material for organic syntheses.
A 2-litre (3.5 imp pt) container of white spirit. White spirit (AU, UK and Ireland) [note 1] or mineral spirits (US, Canada), also known as mineral turpentine (AU/NZ/ZA), turpentine substitute, and petroleum spirits, is a petroleum-derived clear liquid used as a common organic solvent in painting. [1]
Oleoresins are semi-solid extracts composed of resin and essential or fatty oil, obtained by evaporation of the solvents used for their production. [1] The oleoresin of conifers is known as crude turpentine or gum turpentine , which consists of oil of turpentine and rosin .
Turpentine; Lacquer thinner — a combination of alcohols, alkyl esters, ethers, ketones, and aromatic hydrocarbons / arenes; Less common solvents used as paint thinner — like aromatic organic compounds that are more hazardous, so more heavily regulated and restricted in use — but still used in the construction industry include: [4]
With the demise of wooden ships, those uses of pine resin ended, but the former naval stores industry remained vigorous as new products created new markets. First extensively described by Frederick Law Olmsted in his book A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States (1856), [3] the naval stores industry was one of the economic mainstays of the southeastern United States until the late 20th century.
Other common non-polar solvents include benzene, turpentine and other terpenes (which constitute essential oils of many plants with strong scents), most ethers, chloroform and dichloromethane, hydrocarbon fuels, and diacetone alcohol, among many others. Many of these solvents are toxic, carcinogenic, or flammable, and should only be used with ...
Zallen tells in detail how turpentine (and rosin) are produced as naval stores. [4] Pine trees especially in North Carolina were tapped for sap which was doubly distilled to make turpentine and rosin (aka resin)–hence the name tar heels. The trees were scored with a ledge called a “box” to collect the sap.
17 Turpentine, also known as oil of turpentine (C10H16), derived from steam distillation of pine (conifer) tree wood, boasts a flash point between 90 degrees F and 115 degrees F (32 degrees C - 46 degrees C) and an ignition temperature of 488 degrees F (253 degrees C). With explosive limits ranging from 0.8% to unreported, its vapor density is ...
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