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  2. Timoshenko–Ehrenfest beam theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timoshenko–Ehrenfest_beam...

    The Timoshenko–Ehrenfest beam theory was developed by Stephen Timoshenko and Paul Ehrenfest [1] [2] [3] early in the 20th century. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The model takes into account shear deformation and rotational bending effects, making it suitable for describing the behaviour of thick beams, sandwich composite beams , or beams subject to high ...

  3. Bending - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bending

    In 1921, Timoshenko improved upon the Euler–Bernoulli theory of beams by adding the effect of shear into the beam equation. The kinematic assumptions of the Timoshenko theory are: normals to the axis of the beam remain straight after deformation; there is no change in beam thickness after deformation

  4. Strain (mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_(mechanics)

    In mechanics, strain is defined as relative deformation, compared to a reference position configuration. Different equivalent choices may be made for the expression of a strain field depending on whether it is defined with respect to the initial or the final configuration of the body and on whether the metric tensor or its dual is considered.

  5. Strength of materials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_of_materials

    The total elastic energy due to strain can be divided into two parts: one part causes change in volume, and the other part causes a change in shape. Distortion energy is the amount of energy that is needed to change the shape. Fracture mechanics was established by Alan Arnold Griffith and George Rankine Irwin. This important theory is also ...

  6. Strain energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_energy

    The strain energy in the form of elastic deformation is mostly recoverable in the form of mechanical work. For example, the heat of combustion of cyclopropane (696 kJ/mol) is higher than that of propane (657 kJ/mol) for each additional CH 2 unit. Compounds with unusually large strain energy include tetrahedranes, propellanes, cubane-type ...

  7. Solid mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_mechanics

    A solid is a material that can support a substantial amount of shearing force over a given time scale during a natural or industrial process or action. This is what distinguishes solids from fluids, because fluids also support normal forces which are those forces that are directed perpendicular to the material plane across from which they act and normal stress is the normal force per unit area ...

  8. Manchester United stuns Man City with last-minute 2-1 win to ...

    www.aol.com/sports/manchester-united-stuns-man...

    Man United's tying goal came in the 88th minute off a penalty kick from Bruno Fernandes. Man City defender Matheus Nunes made two significant errors leading up to the kick, first attempting a bad ...

  9. Plate theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_theory

    The shear strain, and hence the shear stress, across the thickness of the plate is not neglected in this theory. However, the shear strain is constant across the thickness of the plate. This cannot be accurate since the shear stress is known to be parabolic even for simple plate geometries.