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Jewish leaders carefully planned the second revolt to avoid the numerous mistakes that had plagued the first First Jewish–Roman War 60 years earlier. [51] In 132, the revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba and Elasar, quickly spread from Modi'in across the country, cutting off the Roman garrison in Jerusalem. [9]
The Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136, [37] Hebrew: מרד בר כוכבא) was the third major and final rebellion of the Jewish–Roman wars. The establishment of Roman colony Aelia Capitolina on the ruins of Jerusalem as well as the prohibition of circumcision by Hadrian , are the most likely causes which sparked the uprising.
During the revolt, the Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva regarded Simon as the Jewish messiah; the Talmud records his statement that the Star Prophecy verse from Numbers 24:17: [10] "There shall come a star out of Jacob," [11] referred to him, based on identification of the Hebrew word for star, kokhav, and his name, bar Kozeva.
Legio XXII Deiotariana ("Deiotarus' Twenty-Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army, founded ca. 48 BC and disbanded or destroyed during the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132–136. Its cognomen comes from Deiotarus, a Celtic king of Galatia. Its emblem is unknown.
The Jewish revolt had a profound impact on Jewish-Roman relations, leading to the revocation of many privileges. [476] After the revolt, Roman authorities intensified their efforts to quell any potential uprisings in Jewish diaspora communities, targeting individuals deemed as troublemakers in Egypt and Cyrenaica , [ 462 ] which had absorbed ...
The Jewish revolt against the Roman Empire was unsuccessful, Jerusalem was conquered in 70 CE, and the Second Temple was destroyed. This timeline focuses both on political events in Judea and the surrounding regions, as well as issues related to wider diaspora Judaism practiced elsewhere.
Pivotal in shaping Judaism into its classical form, it is regarded as the second most important era in Jewish history after the Biblical period. [2] After the failure of the Great Jewish Revolt of 66–73 CE, Roman measures such as the fiscus Judaicus (Latin for 'Jewish tax') and land confiscation severely impacted the Jewish population of Judaea.
From 132 to 136 CE, the Bar Kokhba revolt took place, representing the last major Jewish effort to reclaim independence in Judaea. [36] Led by Simon Bar Kokhba, who assumed the title of nasi, the Jewish forces briefly established a state in the regions of Judea (excluding Jerusalem) and possibly Perea, even minting their own coins. [37]