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For Foucault, an épistémè is the guiding unconsciousness of subjectivity within a given epoch – subjective parameters which form an historical a priori. [5]: xxii He uses the term épistémè (French pronunciation:) in his The Order of Things, in a specialized sense to mean the historical, non-temporal, a priori knowledge that grounds truth and discourses, thus representing the condition ...
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge.Also called theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience.
A proposition is true if and only if, in the long run it will come to be accepted by a group of inquirers using scientific rational inquiry. This can also be modalized: a proposition is true if, and only if, in the long run it would come to be accepted by a group of inquirers, if they were to use scientific rational inquiry. This view is thus a ...
A priori and a posteriori knowledge – these terms are used with respect to reasoning (epistemology) to distinguish necessary conclusions from first premises.. A priori knowledge or justification – knowledge that is independent of experience, as with mathematics, tautologies ("All bachelors are unmarried"), and deduction from pure reason (e.g., ontological proofs).
The research emerged in part from William G. Perry's research on the cognitive intellectual development of male Harvard College students. [1] [4] Developmental theories of epistemic cognition in this model have been developed by Deanna Kuhn and others, with a focus on the sequential phases of development characterising changes in views of knowledge and knowing.
The epistemic virtues, as identified by virtue epistemologists, reflect their contention that belief is an ethical process, and thus susceptible to intellectual virtue or vice.
By using the schema one can give an inductive definition for the truth of compound sentences. Atomic sentences are assigned truth values disquotationally.For example, the sentence "'Snow is white' is true" becomes materially equivalent with the sentence "snow is white", i.e. 'snow is white' is true if and only if snow is white.
The simplest constituents are atomic sentences. A contemporary semantic definition of truth would define truth for the atomic sentences as follows: An atomic sentence F(x 1,...,x n) is true (relative to an assignment of values to the variables x 1, ..., x n)) if the corresponding values of variables bear the relation expressed by the predicate F.