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The IMF's support was especially important because the national debt in various foreign banks and governments reached an amount of US$42.3 billion (64,8% of GDP) in 1989. The IMF granted Poland a stabilization fund of US $1 billion and an additional stand-by credit of US$720 million.
Poland wields considerable influence in Central and Eastern Europe and is a middle power in international affairs. The foreign policy of Poland is based on four basic commitments: to Atlantic co-operation, to European integration, to international development and to international law.
The European Union also criticised the bill, with Poland risking further sanctions under Article 7 and by the European Court of Justice. [54] The EU urged Poland not to pass the bill, and to consult the Venice Commission, yet it passed. [55] The Association of Judges of Ireland condemned the Polish legislation. [56]
Beyond its political significance, it opens the way for up to 135 billion euros ($145 billion) in EU aid to go to Poland over the coming few years. The decision cements a sea change in relations.
Poland's Foreign Minister Zbigniew Rau on Thursday called on all sides to show political will to end the standoff between Ukraine and Russia, speaking on a visit to Kyiv as holder of the rotating ...
Poland will make joint defence financing a priority during its presidency of the EU given alarm over matters from the Ukraine war to the return of NATO-sceptic Donald Trump to the White House ...
The failure of the communist party at the polls produced a political crisis. The round-table agreement called for a communist president, and on July 19, the National Assembly, with the support of a number of Solidarity deputies, elected General Wojciech Jaruzelski to that office. However, two attempts by the communists to form governments failed.
Two of the biggest losers were Civic Platform and the Polish People's Party. PO suffered its worst result in a parliamentary election in ten years, ending eight years of political dominance. The PSL, the junior partner in the outgoing government, had its worst result in 25 years (5.13%), just crossing the 5% threshold by a few thousand votes.