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  2. Viral meningitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_meningitis

    This fluid, which normally surrounds the brain and spinal cord, is then analyzed for signs of infection. [22] CSF findings that suggest a viral cause of meningitis include an elevated white blood cell count (usually 10-100 cells/μL) with a lymphocytic predominance in combination with a normal glucose level. [23]

  3. Lymphocytic pleocytosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocytic_pleocytosis

    A viral infection can directly cause encephalitis or trigger a cascade ending in autoimmunity, with both mechanisms eventually leading to a rise in CSF lymphocyte concentration. [ citation needed ] For patients with Herpes simplex virus , more than 90% are found to have lymphocytic pleocytosis of varying levels. [ 5 ]

  4. Meningitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis

    The CSF sample is examined for presence and types of white blood cells, red blood cells, protein content and glucose level. [8] Gram staining of the sample may demonstrate bacteria in bacterial meningitis, but absence of bacteria does not exclude bacterial meningitis as they are only seen in 60% of cases; this figure is reduced by a further 20% ...

  5. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage_colony...

    The colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), is a secreted cytokine which causes hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into macrophages or other related cell types. Eukaryotic cells also produce M-CSF in order to combat intercellular viral infection.

  6. Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_stimulating_factor...

    Production of CSF-1 by brain tumors called glioblastomas causes microglia (brain-resident macrophages) to exhibit immunosuppressive, tumor-permissive phenotypes. [16] CSF1R inhibition in mouse glioblastoma models is beneficial and improves survival by inhibiting tumor-promoting functions of microglia.

  7. Cryptococcosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptococcosis

    A CSF fungal culture can tell if there is microbiological failure (failure of the fungal infections to treat the infection). CSF fungal culture has a 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. CSF cell analysis is characterized by increased lymphocytes, reduced protein and reduced glucose. [17]

  8. CSF glucose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSF_glucose

    CSF glucose levels can be useful in distinguishing among causes of meningitis as more than 50% of patients with bacterial meningitis have decreased CSF glucose levels while patients with viral meningitis usually have normal CSF glucose levels. Decrease in glucose levels during a CNS infection is caused due to glycolysis by both white cells and ...

  9. Cerebral shunt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_shunt

    An analysis of 17 studies published over the past 30 years regarding children with CSF shunt infections revealed that treating with both shunt removal and antibiotics successfully treated 88% of 244 infections, while antibiotic therapy alone successfully treated the CSF shunt infection in only 33% of 230 infections. [28] [32]