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The Enlightenment emphasized scientific inquiry and approaches to the world, which could be in conflict with religious world views. The Spanish Inquisition had the power to censor books and suppress unorthodox thought, increasingly ideas of the Enlightenment circulated in Spain.
The Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España) entered a new era with the death of Charles II, the last Spanish Habsburg monarch, who died childless in 1700. The War of the Spanish Succession was fought between proponents of a Bourbon prince, Philip of Anjou, and the Austrian Habsburg claimant, Archduke Charles.
Social class in 18th-century Spain; Spanish Baroque painting; Spanish conquest of Oran (1732) Spanish Enlightenment literature; Spanish treasure fleet; Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–1737) Spanish–Portuguese War (1776–1777) Suppression of the Society of Jesus
The Bourbon Reforms transitioned Spain's economic policy to be increasingly mercantilist, [21] an economic policy in which countries maximize their exports and minimize their imports to secure greater portion of wealth from a fixed amount in the world. This wealth was measured in the quantity that ended up in imperial treasuries.
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was an intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries. [1] [2] The Enlightenment featured a range of social ideas centered on the value of knowledge learned by way of rationalism and of empiricism and political ideals such ...
In Spain the distinction between the social classes diminished in the 18th century. The military justification of the nobles diminished with the appearance of a national army. The Bourbons opposed the political pretensions of the nobility, decreased its number, restricted its fiscal exemptions by indirect taxes, and decreed that work was ...
In 1776, Spain was a global empire, with territories spanning from Europe to the Americas and the Philippines. The influence of the Enlightenment was evident in the Spanish court, where ideas of rational governance, economic reform, and scientific progress were taking root under the guidance of Charles III and his enlightened ministers.
The humanistic ideals of the Enlightenment in 18th century Europe had their effect on the social, economical, and cultural institutions of the city. The Peninsular War began in Spain when Napoleon's armies invaded the Iberian Peninsula; when they reached Valencia, the Valencian people rose in arms against them on 23 May 1808. After a long siege ...