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Apposition is a grammatical construction in which two elements, normally noun phrases, are placed side by side so one element identifies the other in a different way.The two elements are said to be in apposition, and one of the elements is called the appositive, but its identification requires consideration of how the elements are used in a sentence.
'Prince of Wales' is a 'restrictive appsotive', where: "the second element limits or clarifies the foregoing one in some crucial way…In English, non-restrictive appositives are typically preceded or set off by commas, while restrictive appositives are not set off by commas." (these quotes are from the relevant wikipedia article).
As a linguist, I am quite surprised to hear about 'restrictive appositives'. AFAIK, the distinction between restrictives and non-restrictives applies to RELATIVE clauses, with appositives intersecting with the latter class. For example: The man which is standing there is cool. (restrictive relative clause) Mary, who is standing there, is pretty.
Russian punctuation generally requires commas more often than in English. There's no distinction between restrictive and nonrestrictive subordinate clauses -- they get commas regardless. But there are also no articles, and appositives aren't used like they are in English, so there's no perfect parallel in Russian to the example you asked about.
For example, "John's beautiful wife" can be rewritten as "John's wife, who is beautiful", to avoid the suggestion of disambiguation between John's various wives. A sentence unmarked for restrictiveness, like "The red car is fancier than the blue one," can—if necessary—be rephrased to make it explicitly restrictive or non-restrictive:
The distinction between restrictive, or integrated, relative clauses and non-restrictive, or supplementary, relative clauses in English is made both in speaking (through prosody), and in writing (through punctuation): a non-restrictive relative clause is surrounded by pauses in speech and usually by commas in writing, whereas a restrictive ...
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A non-restrictive relative clause may have a whole sentence as its antecedent rather than a specific noun phrase; for example: The cat was allowed on the bed, which annoyed the dog . Here, which refers not to the bed or the cat but to the entire proposition expressed in the main clause, namely the situation of the cat being allowed on the bed.