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Like many prehistoric artefacts, the exact cultural meaning of these figures may never be known. Archaeologists speculate, however, that they may be symbolic of security and success, fertility, or a mother goddess. [15] The female figures are a part of Upper Palaeolithic art, specifically the category of Palaeolithic art known as portable art.
The Venus of Willendorf is an 11.1-centimetre-tall (4.4 in) Venus figurine estimated to have been made c. 30,000 years ago. [1] [2] It was recovered on 7 August 1908 from an archaeological dig conducted by Josef Szombathy, Hugo Obermaier, and Josef Bayer at a Paleolithic site near Willendorf, a village in Lower Austria.
The Germanic goddess Eostre, whose themes are fertility and rebirth, is often surrounded by hares in art. In Christianity, white rabbits are considered to be symbols of rebirth and fertility and are seen on a wing of the high altar in Freiburg Minster , where they are playing at the feet of two pregnant women, Mary and Elizabeth .
Proserpina replaced or was combined with the ancient Roman fertility goddess Libera, whose principal cult was housed in the Aventine temple of the grain-goddess Ceres, along with the wine god Liber. Each of these three deities occupied their own cella at the temple. Their cults were served or supervised by a male public priesthood.
The exact role in cult and the purpose of the votive figures is unclear. It has been suggested that the figures represent a mother/fertility goddess, sacred prostitutes, or were charms to protect women during pregnancy. [3] Dea Gravida figures have occasionally been found together with a statue of a bearded male wearing an Atef crown. [4]
The Goddess of Grapes in Sioux City, Iowa was sculpted by Deb Zeller and purchased by Sculpt Siouxland in 2010. [1] Sculpt Siouxland is a private nonprofit organization that was developed by staff from the Sioux City Growth Organization to help preserve their ongoing mission to make downtown Sioux City more engaging with art. [2]
The statuette, one of several iconographically similar ones found at the site, is similar to other corpulent prehistoric goddess figures, [4] of which the most famous is the Venus of Willendorf. It is a neolithic sculpture shaped by an unknown artist, and was completed in approximately 6000 BC.
The Tennessee-Cumberland statues seem to represent venerated ancestors (possibly Lucky Hunter and Corn Woman), and a third variety represents Old Woman or Spider Grandmother, a creator and fertility goddess. Early European explorers describe stone statues as being kept in mortuary temples or shrines, frequently on top of platform mounds.
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