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The Frascati Manual classifies budgets according to what is done, what is studied, and who is studying it. For example, an oral history project conducted by a religious organization would be classified as being basic research, in the field of humanities (the sub-category of history), and performed by a non-governmental, non-profit organization.
In the 2018 classification, institutions were classified as either R1 or R2 if they "conferred at least 20 research/scholarship doctorates in 2016-17 and reported at least $5 million in total research expenditures." [6] A "research activity index" was then calculated that included the following measures:
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC 2008) Chapter 3 and Appendix 1: Fields of research classification. Fields of Knowledge , a zoomable map allowing the academic disciplines and sub-disciplines in this article be visualised.
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC 2008) (web-page Archived 2010-12-12 at the Wayback Machine) Chapter 3 and Appendix 1: Fields of research classification. Fields of Knowledge , a zoomable map allowing the academic disciplines and sub-disciplines in this article be visualised.
It comprised three classification schemes; Type of Activity (TOA), Field of Research (FOR) and Socio-Economic Objective (SEO). In 1998, a second ASRC was released [3] with a revised Socio-Economic Objective classification that used a different numbering range, and a Research Field, Course and Discipline (RFCD
UNESCO Nomenclature (more properly UNESCO nomenclature for fields of science and technology) is a system developed by UNESCO for classification of research papers and doctoral dissertations. There are three versions of the system, offering different levels of refinement through 2-, 4-, and 6-digit codes. [1]
The classification generally focuses on types of degrees awarded and related level of activity such as research. The classification includes all accredited, degree-granting colleges and universities in the United States that are represented in the National Center for Education Statistics' Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).
The classifications have found new applications in the digital era as the basis for many commercial text mining algorithms. [1] The classifications are the subject of ongoing inquiry and development among academics and agencies studying the system of science. [2] These agencies include the OECD and the U.S. National Research Council. [3]