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The text editor could replace this byte with the replacement character to produce a valid string of Unicode code points for display, so the user sees "f r". A poorly implemented text editor might write out the replacement character when the user saves the file; the data in the file will then become 0x66 0xEF 0xBF 0xBD 0x72 .
Off-by-one errors are common in using the C library because it is not consistent with respect to whether one needs to subtract 1 byte – functions like fgets() and strncpy will never write past the length given them (fgets() subtracts 1 itself, and only retrieves (length − 1) bytes), whereas others, like strncat will write past the length given them.
At the time, Hamming worked at Bell Telephone Laboratories and was frustrated with the error-prone punched card reader, which is why he started working on error-correcting codes. [1] The Hamming code adds three additional check bits to every four data bits of the message.
C does not provide direct support to exception handling: it is the programmer's responsibility to prevent errors in the first place and test return values from the functions.
Clang can compile a working HotSpot Java virtual machine. [26] 19 January 2012: Clang becomes an optional component in NetBSD cross-platform build system, but GCC is still default. [42] 29 February 2012: Clang 3.0 can rebuild 91.2% of the Debian archive. [43] 29 February 2012: Clang becomes default compiler in MINIX 3 [44] 12 May 2012
Variable length arithmetic represents numbers as a string of digits of a variable's length limited only by the memory available. Variable-length arithmetic operations are considerably slower than fixed-length format floating-point instructions.
C# 6.0 and above have ?., the null-conditional member access operator (which is also called the Elvis operator by Microsoft and is not to be confused with the general usage of the term Elvis operator, whose equivalent in C# is ??, the null coalescing operator) and ?[], the null-conditional element access operator, which performs a null-safe call of an indexer get accessor.