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In the study of Earth's atmosphere, polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow around the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the North and South Poles. [1] Cold air subsides at the poles creating high pressure zones, forcing an equatorward outflow of air; that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis effect.
The trade winds or easterlies are permanent east-to-west prevailing winds that flow in the Earth's equatorial region. The trade winds blow mainly from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere , strengthening during the winter and when the Arctic oscillation is in its warm phase.
[12] Sustained wind speeds are reported globally at a 10-meter (33 ft) height and are averaged over a 10‑minute time frame. The United States reports winds over a 1‑minute average for tropical cyclones, [13] and a 2‑minute average within weather observations. [14] India typically reports winds over a 3‑minute average. [15]
The strongest westerly winds in the middle latitudes are called the Roaring Forties, between 40 and 50 degrees south latitude, within the Southern Hemisphere. [12] The westerlies play an important role in carrying the warm, equatorial waters and winds to the western coasts of continents, [ 13 ] [ 14 ] especially in the southern hemisphere ...
During the 2014 January polar vortex, more than 20 people across the country died from the cold as places like Georgia — which rarely see serious cold — dealt with lows under 10 degrees ...
The horse latitudes are the latitudes about 30 degrees north and south of the Equator. [1] They are characterized by sunny skies, calm winds, and very little precipitation. They are also known as subtropical ridges or highs. It is a high-pressure area at the divergence of trade winds and the westerlies.
To start with, a zonal mean flow, U, can be considered to be perturbed where U is constant in time and space. Let u → = u , v {\displaystyle {\vec {u}}=\langle u,v\rangle } be the total horizontal wind field, where u and v are the components of the wind in the x - and y - directions, respectively.
The polar front arises as a result of cold polar air meeting warm tropical air. It is a stationary front as the air masses are not moving against each other and stays stable. [ 2 ] Off the coast of eastern North America , especially in winter , there is a sharp temperature gradient between the snow-covered land and the warm offshore currents.