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The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra.The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.
Urine varies in appearance, depending principally upon a body's level of hydration, interactions with drugs, compounds and pigments or dyes found in food, or diseases. [8] Normally, urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber, but is usually a pale yellow. [8] Usually urination color comes primarily from the presence of ...
A giant ureteral stone with dimensions of approximately 6 × 5 × 4 cm and weighing 61 grams extracted from the left ureter of a 19-year-old male. A kidney stone can move from the kidney and become lodged inside the ureter, which can block the flow of urine, as well as cause a sharp cramp in the back, side, or lower abdomen. [9]
Within the kidney, blood first passes through the afferent artery to the capillary formation called a glomerulus and is collected in the Bowman's capsule, which filters the blood from its contents—primarily food and wastes. After the filtration process, the blood then returns to collect the food nutrients it needs, while the wastes pass into ...
Transitional epithelial cells, also known as urothelial cells, line the urinary tract from the renal pelvis through the ureters and bladder and, in males, the upper portion of the urethra. They are smaller than squamous cells and their shape varies based on the layer of epithelium from which they are derived, but they are most commonly round or ...
Urology addresses diseases of kidney (and urinary tract) anatomy: these include cancer, renal cysts, kidney stones and ureteral stones, and urinary tract obstruction. [ 7 ] The word “ renal ” is an adjective meaning “relating to the kidneys”, and its roots are French or late Latin.
Its cell body has extending major or primary processes that form secondary processes as podocyte foot processes or pedicels. [6] The primary processes are held by microtubules and intermediate filaments. The foot processes have an actin-based cytoskeleton. [6] Podocytes are found lining the Bowman's capsules in the nephrons of the kidney.
Facet cells (also known as umbrella cells, [1] capping cells, superficial urotheliocytes) are a type of cells located in the renal pelvis, the ureters, and the urethra. Umbrella cells form the outermost layer of the urothelium, which is a special type of epithelium found in the renal pelvis, the ureters, and the urethra. Umbrella cells are ...