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Simplified control circuit of human thermoregulation. [8]The core temperature of a human is regulated and stabilized primarily by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain linking the endocrine system to the nervous system, [9] and more specifically by the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the adjacent preoptic area regions of the hypothalamus.
The near-infrared (NIR) window (also known as optical window or therapeutic window) defines the range of wavelengths from 650 to 1350 nanometre (nm) where light has its maximum depth of penetration in tissue. [1] Within the NIR window, scattering is the most dominant light-tissue interaction, and therefore the propagating light becomes diffused ...
Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. A thermoconforming organism, by contrast, simply adopts the surrounding temperature as its own body temperature, thus avoiding the need for internal thermoregulation.
Thermoreceptors of the skin sense the temperature of water. A thermoreceptor is a non-specialised sense receptor, or more accurately the receptive portion of a sensory neuron, that codes absolute and relative changes in temperature, primarily within the innocuous range.
The output neurons of the nucleus accumbens send axonal projections to the basal ganglia and the ventral analog of the globus pallidus, known as the ventral pallidum (VP). ). The VP, in turn, projects to the medial dorsal nucleus of the dorsal thalamus, which projects to the prefrontal cortex as well as back to the ventral and to dorsal stri
Skin pigmentation in humans evolved to primarily regulate the amount of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) penetrating the skin, controlling its biochemical effects. [ 20 ] The actual skin colour of different humans is affected by many substances, although the single most important substance determining human skin colour is the pigment melanin .
Overall direction of fluid flow in relation to equal bidirectional flow is shown by the orange and black lines, respectively. Oncotic pressure , or colloid osmotic-pressure , is a type of osmotic pressure induced by the plasma proteins , notably albumin , [ 1 ] in a blood vessel's plasma (or any other body fluid such as blood and lymph ) that ...
The ciliary muscle is an intrinsic muscle of the eye formed as a ring of smooth muscle [3] [4] in the eye's middle layer, the uvea (vascular layer).It controls accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humor into Schlemm's canal.