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The equation is valid only for cases in which the effect of fringing is negligible and the volume of the air gap is much smaller than that of the magnetized material, the force for each magnetized surface is: [2] [3] [4] = = where: A is the area of each surface, in m 2
The source free equations can be written by the action of the exterior derivative on this 2-form. But for the equations with source terms (Gauss's law and the Ampère-Maxwell equation), the Hodge dual of this 2-form is needed. The Hodge star operator takes a p-form to a (n − p)-form, where n is the number of dimensions.
Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal n̂, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.
Quadrupole magnets are useful as they create a magnetic field whose magnitude grows rapidly with the radial distance from its longitudinal axis. This is used in particle beam focusing. The simplest magnetic quadrupole is two identical bar magnets parallel to each other such that the north pole of one is next to the south of the other and vice ...
kg⋅m 2 ⋅s −2 ⋅A −1: H magnetic field strength ampere per metre: A/m A⋅m −1: F magnetomotive force: ampere: A = Wb/H A R magnetic reluctance: inverse henry: H −1 = A/Wb kg −1 ⋅m −2 ⋅s 2 ⋅A 2: P magnetic permeance: henry: H = Wb/A kg⋅m 2 ⋅s –2 ⋅A –2: L, M inductance: henry: H = Wb/A = V⋅s/A kg⋅m 2 ⋅s −2 ...
A magnet's magnetic moment (also called magnetic dipole moment and usually denoted μ) is a vector that characterizes the magnet's overall magnetic properties. For a bar magnet, the direction of the magnetic moment points from the magnet's south pole to its north pole, [ 15 ] and the magnitude relates to how strong and how far apart these poles ...
It is the property of certain substances or phenomena that give rise to magnetic fields: =, where Φ is the magnetic flux and is the reluctance of the circuit. It can be seen that the magnetomotive force plays a role in this equation analogous to the voltage V in Ohm's law , V = IR , since it is the cause of magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit ...
In a paramagnetic system, that is, a system in which the magnetization vanishes without the influence of an external magnetic field, assuming some simplifying assumptions (such as the sample system being ellipsoidal), one can derive a few compact thermodynamic relations. [4] Assuming the external magnetic field is uniform and shares a common ...
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