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  2. Scanning tunneling microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_tunneling_microscope

    This means that individual atoms can routinely be imaged and manipulated. Most scanning tunneling microscopes are built for use in ultra-high vacuum at temperatures approaching absolute zero, but variants exist for studies in air, water and other environments, and for temperatures over 1000 °C. [5] [6] Scanning tunneling microscope operating ...

  3. Scanning transmission electron microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_transmission...

    A scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is a type of transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pronunciation is [stɛm] or [ɛsti:i:ɛm]. As with a conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM), images are formed by electrons passing through a sufficiently thin specimen. However, unlike CTEM, in STEM the electron beam is focused ...

  4. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_tunneling...

    For scanning tunneling spectroscopy the scanning tunneling microscope is used to measure the number of electrons (the LDOS) as a function of the electron energy. The electron energy is set by the electrical potential difference (voltage) between the sample and the tip. The location is set by the position of the tip.

  5. Transmission electron microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron...

    Scanning electron microscope image of a thin TEM sample milled by FIB. The thin membrane shown here is suitable for TEM examination; however, at ~300-nm thickness, it would not be suitable for high-resolution TEM without further milling. More recently focused ion beam methods have been used to prepare samples. FIB is a relatively new technique ...

  6. Scanning electron microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope

    An account of the early history of scanning electron microscopy has been presented by McMullan. [2] [3] Although Max Knoll produced a photo with a 50 mm object-field-width showing channeling contrast by the use of an electron beam scanner, [4] it was Manfred von Ardenne who in 1937 invented [5] a microscope with high resolution by scanning a very small raster with a demagnified and finely ...

  7. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-resolution...

    High-resolution transmission electron microscopy is an imaging mode of specialized transmission electron microscopes that allows for direct imaging of the atomic structure of samples. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a powerful tool to study properties of materials on the atomic scale, such as semiconductors, metals, nanoparticles and sp 2 -bonded carbon (e.g ...

  8. Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inelastic_electron...

    Keeping the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at fixed position over the surface and sweeping the bias voltage, one can record a I-V characteristic. This technique is called scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). The first derivative gives information about the local density of states (LDOS) of the substrate, assuming that the tip ...

  9. Annular dark-field imaging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annular_dark-field_imaging

    Annular dark-field imaging is a method of mapping samples in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). These images are formed by collecting scattered electrons with an annular dark-field detector. [1] Conventional TEM dark-field imaging uses an objective aperture to only collect scattered electrons that pass through.

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