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The Chinese garden is a landscape garden style which has evolved over three thousand years. It includes both the vast gardens of the Chinese emperors and members of the imperial family, built for pleasure and to impress, and the more intimate gardens created by scholars, poets, former government officials, soldiers and merchants, made for reflection and escape from the outside world.
Irregular, non-geometric, planning is a strong feature of the design of many types of Chinese and indeed Japanese gardens, though less so in others, such as grand imperial palace gardens. Sharawadgi was defined in the 1980s as an "artful irregularity in garden design and, more recently, in town planning". [3]
Lingnan garden consists of several substyles, such as royal gardens, private gardens, and public gardens. A good example of royal Lingnan garden is Guangzhou's Gauyiu Garden [zh; zh-yue] (Jyutping: Gau 2 jiu 6 jyun 4; Traditional Chinese: 九曜園, literally "garden of nine glories"), built by Lau Yan, the first king of the Southern Han dynasty. [4]
Today, there are 69 preserved gardens in Suzhou, [4] and all of them are designated as protected "National Heritage Sites." [ 5 ] In 1997 and 2000, eight of the finest gardens in Suzhou along with one in the nearby ancient town of Tongli were selected by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site to represent the art of Suzhou-style classical gardens.
The New York Chinese Scholar's Garden 寄興園 in Staten Island, New York; Lan Su Chinese Garden in Portland, Oregon; Liu Fang Yuan 流芳園 or the Garden of Flowing Fragrance, Chinese Garden at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California; Seattle Chinese Garden in Seattle, Washington; The Astor Court in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in ...
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To have longevity is to live among mountains and water; it is to live with nature, to live like an immortal being (Xian). The garden evokes a healthy lifestyle that makes one immortal, free from the problems of civilization. Thus, Chinese landscape is known as Shan (mountain) and Shui (water). Symbolism is a key element of Chinese garden design.
Country Garden warned Wednesday that it could default on its vast debts as it reported a loss of 51.5 billion yuan ($7 billion) for the first six months of the year.