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  2. Anion gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion_gap

    Modern analyzers use ion-selective electrodes which give a normal anion gap as <11 mEq/L. Therefore, according to the new classification system, a high anion gap is anything above 11 mEq/L. A normal anion gap is often defined as being within the prediction interval of 3–11 mEq/L, [8] with an average estimated at 6 mEq/L. [9]

  3. Urine anion gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine_anion_gap

    Urine NH 4 + is difficult to measure directly, but its excretion is usually accompanied by the anion chloride. A negative urine anion gap can be used as evidence of increased NH 4 + excretion. In a metabolic acidosis without a serum anion gap: A positive urine anion gap suggests a low urinary NH 4 + (e.g. renal tubular acidosis).

  4. Arterial blood gas test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterial_blood_gas_test

    21 to 27 mmol/L the bicarbonate concentration in the blood at a CO 2 of 5.33 kPa, full oxygen saturation and 37 Celsius. [15] Base excess: −2 to +2 mmol/L The base excess is used for the assessment of the metabolic component of acid-base disorders, and indicates whether the person has metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis. Contrasted with ...

  5. Metabolic acidosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_acidosis

    The normal value for the anion gap is 8–16 mmol/L (12±4). An elevated anion gap (i.e. > 16 mmol/L) indicates the presence of excess 'unmeasured' anions, such as lactic acid in anaerobic metabolism resulting from tissue hypoxia, glycolic and formic acid produced by the metabolism of toxic alcohols, ketoacids produced when acetyl-CoA undergoes ...

  6. High anion gap metabolic acidosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_anion_gap_metabolic...

    Several types of metabolic acidosis occur, grouped by their influence on the anion gap. The anion gap can be increased due to relatively low levels of cations other than sodium and potassium (e.g. calcium or magnesium). An anion gap is usually considered to be high if it is over 12 mEq/L. High anion gap metabolic acidosis is typically caused by ...

  7. Plasma osmolality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_Osmolality

    Whereas osmolality (with an "l") is defined as the number of osmoles (Osm) of solute per kilogram of solvent (osmol/kg or Osm/kg), osmolarity (with an "r") is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per liter (L) of solution (osmol/L or Osm/L). As such, larger numbers indicate a greater concentration of solutes in the plasma.

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    mail.aol.com

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  9. Reference range - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_range

    The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.