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Gender mainstreaming is described as the public policy of assessing the different implications for women and men of any planned policy action, including legislation and programmes, in all areas and levels, with the aim of achieving gender equality. [171] [172] The concept of gender mainstreaming was first proposed at the 1985 Third World ...
Sample indicators of gender equality include gender-sensitive breakdowns of the number or percentages of positions as legislators or senior managers, presence of civil liberties such as freedom of dress or freedom of movement, social indicators such as ownership rights such as access to banks or land, crime indicators such as violence against women, health and education indicators such as life ...
[1] [4] From the last 30 years of the 20th century, the contemporary French psychoanalytical theories concerning the feminine, that refer to sexual difference rather than to gender, with psychoanalysts like Julia Kristeva, [49] [50] Maud Mannoni, Luce Irigaray, [51] [52] and Bracha Ettinger that invented the concept matrixial space and ...
Sometimes 'Geschlechtsidentität' is used as gender (although it literally means gender identity) and 'Geschlecht' as sex (translation of Judith Butler's Gender Trouble). More common is the use of modifiers: biologisches Geschlecht for sex, Geschlechtsidentität for gender identity and Geschlechterrolle for gender role etc.
[3] This concept of gender equality is not limited to formal equality, it includes as well equality de facto, which is a more holistic approach to gender policy in order to tackle the interconnected causes that create an unequal relation between the sexes in all areas of life (work, politics, sexuality, culture, and violence).
The World Bank's Gender Action Plan of 2007-10 is built upon the Bank's gender mainstreaming strategy for gender equality. The Gender Action Plan's objective was advance women's economic empowerment through their participation in land, labor, financial and product markets. [57] In 2012, the World Development Report was the first report of the ...
One feminist leader, Ann Snitow, speculated that difference feminism became preferred over gender equality so that "men might be more responsive". [ 4 ] In the late 18th century in Britain , Mary Wollstonecraft wrote in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman of "[a]sserting the rights which women in common with men ought to contend for". [ 30 ] "
To understand and critique the role of gender in how political theory is conventionally construed. To re-frame and re-articulate conventional political theory in light of feminist issues (especially gender equality). To support political science presuming and pursuing gender equality.