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The coinage metals comprise those metallic chemical elements and alloys which have been used to mint coins. Historically, most coinage metals are from the three nonradioactive members of group 11 of the periodic table: copper, silver and gold. Copper is usually augmented with tin or other metals to form bronze.
Silver coins: Silver coins are typically produced as either 90% silver – in the case of pre-1965 US minted coins (which were circulated in many countries), or sterling silver (92.5%) coins for pre-1920 British Commonwealth and other silver coinage, with copper making up the remaining weight in each case. Old European coins were commonly ...
Striking a coin refers to pressing an image into the blank metal disc, or planchet, and is a term descended from the days when the dies were struck with hammers to deform the metal into the image of the dies. Modern dies made out of hardened steel are capable of producing many hundreds of thousands of coins before they are retired and defaced.
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Coincraft's Standard Catalogue English & UK Coins 1066 to Date (5th ed.). Standard Catalogue Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-0-9526228-8-8. Peck, C. Wilson (1960). English Copper, Tin and Bronze Coins in the British Museum 1558–1958. Trustees of the British Museum. OCLC 906173180. Seaby, Peter (1985). The Story of British Coinage. B. A.
As with the other coinage metals, the vast majority of the reported Au NHC complexes have a linear coordination geometry, although a higher coordination number of 4 has been observed for Au III. [1] Multinuclear complexes are also accessible, and have been synthesized to study Au-Au interactions during supramolecular aggregation. [ 9 ]
Coin weights are weights used to weigh precious-metal coins in order to assure they were not underweight (It is easy to shave a bit of metal off the edge of a silver or gold coin). [1] The usage of coin weights, especially glass ones, goes back to Ptolemaic and Byzantine times. [1] Coin weights were also known in Ancient China. [2]
Under United States law, coins that do not meet the legal tender requirement cannot be marketed as "coins". Instead, they must be advertised as rounds. [3] Bullion coins are typically available in various weights, usually multiples or fractions of 1 troy ounce, but some bullion coins are produced in very limited quantities in kilograms or heavier.