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Phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. [1] This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, [1] which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level. [2] Plant morphology is useful in the visual identification of plants.
Non-vascular plants , with their different evolutionary background, tend to have separate terminology. Although plant morphology (the external form) is integrated with plant anatomy (the internal form), the former became the basis of the taxonomic description of plants that exists today, due to the few tools required to observe. [2] [3]
Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants.Originally, it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.
A plant which completes its life cycle (i.e. germinates, reproduces, and dies) within two years or growing seasons. Biennial plants usually form a basal rosette of leaves in the first year and then flower and fruit in the second year. bifid Forked; cut in two for about half its length. Compare trifid. bifoliate
Chart illustrating leaf morphology terms. The following terms are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina' is undivided) or compound (that is, the leaf blade is divided into two or more leaflets). [1]
All spermatophytes ("seed plants") possess flowers as defined here (in a broad sense), but the internal organization of the flower is very different in the two main groups of spermatophytes: living gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms may possess flowers that are gathered in strobili, or the flower itself may be a strobilus of fertile leaves.
Phytomorphology, 4: 275-278. 1956 The phylogenetic classification of the angiosperms. Biological Reviews, 31: 1-29. 1958 Some aspects of floral vascular systems. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Session, 169: 75-84. 1959 On the phylogenetic classification of plants. American Journal of Botany, 46, 385-394.
Plant growth and the plant cell from Kimball's Biology Pages; Botanical Society of America: What is Botany? Science & Plants for Schools; Teaching Documents about Botany Teaching documents, lecture; Why study Plants? Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge; Flora and other plant catalogs or databases. The Virtual Library of Botany