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Julius Caesar added Mercedonius (23 days) and two other intercalary months (33 and 34 days respectively) to the 355-day lunar year, to recalibrate the calendar in preparation for his calendar reform, which went into effect in 45 BC.
Gaius Julius Caesar [a] (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC.
Caesar Augustus: 16 January 27 BC – 19 August AD 14 (40 years, 7 months and 3 days) [g] Grandnephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar. Gradually acquired further power through grants from, and constitutional settlements with, the Roman Senate. Continuously head of state since 19 August 43 BC, unopposed after the Battle of Actium in 31 BC.
Julius Caesar did not change the beginning of either the consular year or the calendar year. In addition to consular years, the Romans sometimes used the regnal year of the emperor, and by the late 4th century documents were also being dated according to the 15-year cycle of the indiction.
These attempts to obstruct Caesar's legislation proved ineffective. Roman satirists ever after referred to the year as "the consulship of Julius and Caesar". [6] This also gave rise to this lampoon: The event occurred, as I recall, when Caesar governed Rome-Caesar, not Bibulus, who kept his seat at home.
Julius Caesar, and then Augustus after him, accumulated offices and titles of the highest importance in the Republic, making the power attached to those offices permanent, and preventing anyone with similar aspirations from accumulating or maintaining power for themselves. Julius Caesar had been pontifex maximus since 64 BC; held the offices of ...
Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus – commanded Caesar's fleet in the war against the Veneti; Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus – led the Roman legions in the conquest of western Iberia; Marcus Junius Brutus
Caesar's Civil War: Julius Caesar illegally crossed the Rubicon into Italy with his army. 48 BC: 4 January: Caesar's Civil War: Caesar landed at Durrës in pursuit of Pompey and his partisans the optimates. 46 BC: November: Caesar left Africa for Iberia in pursuit of Pompey's sons Gnaeus Pompeius and Sextus Pompey. 44 BC: 15 March