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In 1973 teachers in the California State University and Colleges system used the Advanced Placement adjusted-rater system to score essays written by matriculating students for advance English composition credit. [47] Pooled-rater holistic scoring was tested as early as 1950 by the Educational Testing Service (using the term "wholistic"). [48]
Peter Foltz and Thomas Landauer developed a system using a scoring engine called the Intelligent Essay Assessor (IEA). IEA was first used to score essays in 1997 for their undergraduate courses. [7] It is now a product from Pearson Educational Technologies and used for scoring within a number of commercial products and state and national exams.
A scoring rubric typically includes dimensions or "criteria" on which performance is rated, definitions and examples illustrating measured attributes, and a rating scale for each dimension. Joan Herman, Aschbacher, and Winters identify these elements in scoring rubrics: [3] - Traits or dimensions serving as the basis for judging the student ...
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Writing assessment refers to an area of study that contains theories and practices that guide the evaluation of a writer's performance or potential through a writing task. Writing assessment can be considered a combination of scholarship from composition studies and measurement theory within educational assessment . [ 1 ]
In an educational setting, a formative assessment might be a teacher (or peer) or the learner (e.g., through a self-assessment [11] [12]), providing feedback on a student's work and would not necessarily be used for grading purposes. Formative assessments can take the form of diagnostic, standardized tests, quizzes, oral questions, or draft work.
Below is the grading system found to be most commonly used in United States public high schools, according to the 2009 High School Transcript Study. [2] This is the most used grading system; however, there are some schools that use an edited version of the college system, which means 89.5 or above becomes an A average, 79.5 becomes a B, and so on.
An early example of the process of self-assessment. If through self-assessing there is a possibility that a person's self-concept, or self-esteem is going to be damaged why would this be a motive of self-evaluation, surely it would be better to only self-verify and self-enhance and not to risk damaging self-esteem?