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Nigeria's climate is influenced by its geographical location, topography, and the interactions of various air masses. [7] Nigeria is situated in West Africa, between latitudes 4°N and 14°N, and longitudes 2°E and 14°E. [8] It experiences a tropical climate characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. [9]
Köppen climate classification map of Nigeria. The tropical savanna climate, characterized by distinct rainy and dry seasons, dominates western to central Nigeria. It has a single peak in the summer and consistently high temperatures above 18 °C or 64.4 °F. Abuja, Nigeria's capital, experiences a temperature range of 18.45 to 36.9 °C (65.2 ...
Nigeria borders Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west. Nigeria is a federal republic comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where its capital, Abuja, is located. The largest city in Nigeria is Lagos, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world and the largest in Africa.
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A map of Africa showing the ecological break around the Sahara Desert The climate of Africa is a range of climates such as the equatorial climate , the tropical wet and dry climate , the tropical monsoon climate , the semi-arid climate (semi-desert and steppe), the desert climate (hyper-arid and arid), the humid subtropical climate , and the ...
Southern Africa has a transition to subtropical or temperate climates (green and yellow), and more desert or semi-desert regions, centered on Namibia and Botswana. Sub-Saharan Africa has a wide variety of climate zones or biomes. South Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in particular are considered megadiverse countries. It has a ...
Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC. Toham, Andre Kamdem et al., eds. (2006). A Vision for Biodiversity Conservation in Central Africa: Biological Priorities for Conservation in the Guinean-Congolian Forest and Freshwater Region. World Wildlife Fund, Washington DC. Page A-52.
Climate change and fragmentation: Climate change impacts, such as increased temperatures and altered rainfall patterns, can have adverse effects on the Nigerian lowland forests. [78] Changes in climatic conditions may disrupt the ecological balance and affect the distribution and abundance of plant and animal species. [ 79 ]