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Genu valgum, commonly called "knock-knee", is a condition in which the knees angle in and touch each other when the legs are straightened. [1] Individuals with severe valgus deformities are typically unable to touch their feet together while simultaneously straightening the legs.
Other known clinical features include, genu valgum/varum, brachydactyly (short fingers), supple flexion deformity of the hips, knees, hyperlordosis of lumbar spine, rocker bottom feet and broadening of the metaphyseal ends of long bones especially around the wrists, knees and ankles.
It is correct for a knock-kneed deformity to be called both a varus deformity at the hip (coxa vara) and a valgus deformity at the knee (genu valgum); although the common terminology is to simply refer to it as a valgus knee. When the terminology refers to a bone rather than a joint, the distal segment of the bone is being described.
Divergence from the normal femorotibial angle is called genu varum if the center of the knee joint is lateral to the mechanical axis (intermalleolar distance exceeds 3 cm), and genu valgum if it is medial to the mechanical axis (intercondylar distance exceeds 5 cm). These conditions impose unbalanced loads on the joints and stretching of either ...
More specifically, patients with genu valgum (knock-kneed) alignment must be evaluated and treated with an osteotomy(s) to establish balanced forces on knee ligaments, preventing premature failure of concurrent cruciate ligament reconstruction. These patients should be rehabilitated after the osteotomy heals before it can be verified that they ...
In the condition genu valgum the femurs converge so much that the knees touch one another. The opposite extreme is genu varum (bow-leggedness). In the general population of people without either genu valgum or genu varum, the femoral-tibial angle is about 175 degrees. [1]
[7] People with genu valgum have larger than normal Q-angles causing the weight-bearing line to fall lateral to the centre of the knee causing overstretching of the MCL and stressing the lateral meniscus and cartilages. [citation needed] Quadriceps muscle imbalance [7] [14] [15] Tight anatomical structures, e.g. retinaculum or iliotibial band [7]
Genu varum (bow legs) Genu valgum (knock-knees) ... Knee flexion deformity; Syndromes. Patellofemoral pain syndrome [4] Plica syndrome [4] Iliotibial band syndrome [4]