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Currently available infrared transparent materials typically exhibit a trade-off between optical performance, mechanical strength and price. For example, sapphire (crystalline alumina) is very strong, but it is expensive and lacks full transparency throughout the 3–5 μm mid-infrared range.
Aluminium oxynitride (marketed under the name ALON by Surmet Corporation [3]) is a transparent ceramic composed of aluminium, oxygen and nitrogen.Aluminium oxynitride is optically transparent (≥80% for 2 mm thickness) in the near-ultraviolet, visible, and mid-wave-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Transparent spinel (MgAl 2 O 4) ceramic is used traditionally for applications such as high-energy laser windows because of its excellent transmission in visible wavelengths and mid-wavelength infrared (0.2–5.0 μm) when combined with selected materials – source: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [citation needed]
Optical windows used for UV/VIS spectroscopy, are usually made from glass or fused silica. [5] In IR spectroscopy, there is a wide range of materials that transmit light into the far infrared and can be utilized for the construction of optical windows, from barium fluoride (BaF 2), calcium fluoride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, germanium (Ge), zinc selenide (ZnSe ...
Translucent concrete (also: light-transmitting concrete) is a concrete based building material with light-transmissive properties due to embedded light optical elements — usually optical fibers. Light is conducted through the stone from one end to the other. Therefore, the fibers have to go through the whole object.
The most commonly used material is an oxide of a composition of ca. In 4 Sn. The material is a n-type semiconductor with a large bandgap of around 4 eV. ITO is both transparent to visible light and relatively conductive. It has a low electrical resistivity of ~10 −4 Ω·cm, and a thin film can have an optical transmittance of greater than 80% ...
Pit vipers can detect their prey in complete darkness using specialized sensory organs that perceive infrared radiation. This ability inspired the development of thermal imaging cameras. Image ...
The materials used for the LED have a direct band gap with energies corresponding to near-infrared, visible, or near-ultraviolet light. LED development began with infrared and red devices made with gallium arsenide. Advances in materials science have enabled making devices with ever-shorter wavelengths, emitting light in a variety of colors.