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Transparent spinel (MgAl 2 O 4) ceramic is used traditionally for applications such as high-energy laser windows because of its excellent transmission in visible wavelengths and mid-wavelength infrared (0.2–5.0 μm) when combined with selected materials – source: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [citation needed]
Currently available infrared transparent materials typically exhibit a trade-off between optical performance, mechanical strength and price. For example, sapphire (crystalline alumina) is very strong, but it is expensive and lacks full transparency throughout the 3–5 μm mid-infrared range.
The most commonly used material is an oxide of a composition of ca. In 4 Sn. The material is a n-type semiconductor with a large bandgap of around 4 eV. ITO is both transparent to visible light and relatively conductive. It has a low electrical resistivity of ~10 −4 Ω·cm, and a thin film can have an optical transmittance of greater than 80% ...
Aluminium oxynitride (marketed under the name ALON by Surmet Corporation [3]) is a transparent ceramic composed of aluminium, oxygen and nitrogen.Aluminium oxynitride is optically transparent (≥80% for 2 mm thickness) in the near-ultraviolet, visible, and mid-wave-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Silicon is transparent to infrared light with wavelengths above about 1.1 micrometres. [58] Silicon also has a very high refractive index, of about 3.5. [58] The tight optical confinement provided by this high index allows for microscopic optical waveguides, which may have cross-sectional dimensions of only a few hundred nanometers. [10]
A special class of transparent conductive coatings applies to infrared films for theater-air military optics where IR transparent windows need to have stealth (Stealth technology) properties. These are known as RAITs (Radar Attenuating / Infrared Transmitting) and include materials such as boron doped DLC ( Diamond-like carbon ) [ citation ...
The materials used for the LED have a direct band gap with energies corresponding to near-infrared, visible, or near-ultraviolet light. LED development began with infrared and red devices made with gallium arsenide. Advances in materials science have enabled making devices with ever-shorter wavelengths, emitting light in a variety of colors.
Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.