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A girl with the physical signs and symptoms of Kwashiorkor, which is an extreme form of malnutrition-associated hypoalbuminemia. Kwashiorkor is a disease of malnutrition characterized by decreased protein intake and amino acid deficiency resulting in hypoalbuminemia and a characteristic physical presentation.
The essential amino acids valine, methionine, isoleucine, and threonine can not be converted and this leads to a buildup of propionyl-CoA. Instead of being converted to methylmalonyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA is then converted into propionic acid, which builds up in the bloodstream. This in turn causes an accumulation of dangerous acids and toxins ...
Hartnup disease (also known as "pellagra-like dermatosis" [1] and "Hartnup disorder" [2]) is an autosomal recessive [3] metabolic disorder affecting the absorption of nonpolar amino acids (particularly tryptophan that can be, in turn, converted into serotonin, melatonin, and niacin).
Typically, the parameter methylmalonic acid is only tested if propionylcarnitine was previously elevated. [48] Because of the inability to properly break down amino acids completely, the byproduct of protein digestion, the compound methylmalonic acid, is found in a disproportionate concentration in the blood and urine of those afflicted.
Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase deficiency (BCKDK deficiency) is a disease resulting from mutations of the BCKDK gene. Patients with BCKDK deficiency have low levels of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in their organism due to accelerated breakdown of these essential amino acids.
Symptoms of the deficiency are caused by the inability to reuse biotin molecules that are needed for cell growth, production of fatty acids and the metabolism of fats and amino acids. If left untreated, the symptoms can lead to later problems such as comas or death.
Evidence indicates that amino acid balance has an important effect on protein nutrition and therefore on glutathione homeostasis. [28] Cysteine is an essential amino acid that acts as the limiting amino acid for glutathione synthesis in humans. Factors that increase demand for glutathione may increase demand for cysteine, and hence methionine.
The diagnosis is based on the biochemical findings (increased concentrations of lysine, arginine and ornithine in urine and low concentrations of these amino acids in plasma, elevation of urinary orotic acid excretion after protein-rich meals, and inappropriately high concentrations of serum ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes) and ...