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  2. Vancomycin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycin

    Dose optimization and target attainment of vancomycin in children involves adjusting the dosage to maximize effectiveness while minimizing the risk of adverse effects, specifically acute kidney injury. Dose optimization is achieved by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), which allows measurement of vancomycin levels in the blood.

  3. Trough level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_level

    In a medicine that is administered periodically, the trough level should be measured just before the administration of the next dose in order to avoid overdosing. [3] A trough level is contrasted with a "peak level" (C max), which is the highest level of the medicine in the body, and the "average level", which is the mean level over time. It is ...

  4. Route of administration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration

    Route of administration and dosage form are ... One such medication is the antibiotic vancomycin, ... Both methods can result in varying levels of the substance to be ...

  5. Therapeutic drug monitoring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic_drug_monitoring

    If the observed concentration is plausible but far from the suitable level, determine how to adjust the dosage to drive the concentration curve close to target. Several approaches exist for this, from the easiest “rule of three” to sophisticated computer-assisted calculations implementing Bayesian inference algorithms based on population ...

  6. Peak-to-trough ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak-to-trough_ratio

    Peak-to-trough ratio in pharmacokinetics is the ratio of peak (C max) and trough (C min) levels of a drug over its dosing interval (τ) at steady state.. Peak-to-trough ratio (PTR), also known as peak-to-trough variation or peak-to-trough fluctuation, is a parameter in pharmacokinetics which is defined as the ratio of C max (peak) concentration and C min (trough) concentration over a dosing ...

  7. Drug of last resort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_of_last_resort

    A drug of last resort (DoLR), also known as a heroic dose, [1] is a pharmaceutical drug which is tried after all other drug options have failed to produce an adequate response in the patient. Drug resistance , such as antimicrobial resistance or antineoplastic resistance , may make the first-line drug ineffective, especially in case of ...

  8. Here’s Exactly How Much Protein You Need To Build 1 ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/exactly-much-protein-build-1...

    Wondering how much protein you need to build muscle? Learn the science behind muscle growth, daily protein goals, and expert-backed tips for optimal results.

  9. Pharmacokinetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacokinetics

    where De is the effective dose, B bioavailability and Da the administered dose. Therefore, if a drug has a bioavailability of 0.8 (or 80%) and it is administered in a dose of 100 mg, the equation will demonstrate the following: De = 0.8 × 100 mg = 80 mg

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