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  2. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    Chao tone letters generally appear after each syllable, for a language with syllable tone ( a˧vɔ˥˩ ), or after the phonological word, for a language with word tone ( avɔ˧˥˩ ). The IPA gives the option of placing the tone letters before the word or syllable ( ˧a˥˩vɔ , ˧˥˩avɔ ), but this is rare for lexical tone.

  3. Writing system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system

    Alphabets use symbols called letters that correspond to spoken phonemes—or more technically to diaphonemes. Alphabets are generally classified into three subtypes, with abjads having letters for consonants, pure alphabets having letters for both consonants and vowels, and abugidas having characters that correspond to consonant–vowel pairs. [28]

  4. English orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_orthography

    As a result, there is a somewhat regular system of pronouncing "foreign" words in English, [citation needed] and some borrowed words have had their spelling changed to conform to this system. For example, Hindu used to be spelled Hindoo , and the name Maria used to be pronounced like the name Mariah , but was changed to conform to this system.

  5. List of writing systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_writing_systems

    Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features.. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name.

  6. Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet

    A language may represent a given phoneme by combinations of letters rather than just a single letter. Two-letter combinations are called digraphs, and three-letter groups are called trigraphs. German uses the tetragraphs (four letters) "tsch" for the phoneme German pronunciation: and (in a few borrowed words) "dsch" for [dʒ]. [87]

  7. Phonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonics

    Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...

  8. Syllable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllable

    Syllable is an Anglo-Norman variation of Old French sillabe, from Latin syllaba, from Koine Greek συλλαβή syllabḗ (Greek pronunciation: [sylːabɛ̌ː]). συλλαβή means "the taken together", referring to letters that are taken together to make a single sound.

  9. English alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_alphabet

    The word alphabet is a compound of alpha and beta, the names of the first two letters in the Greek alphabet. Old English was first written down using the Latin alphabet during the 7th century. During the centuries that followed, various letters entered or fell out of use. By the 16th century, the present set of 26 letters had largely stabilised: