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Processor Control Region (PCR) is a Windows kernel mode data structure that contains information about the current processor. It can be accessed via the fs segment register on x86 versions, or the gs segment register on x64 versions respectively.
Windows 11 running in safe mode. Microsoft Windows' safe mode (for 7/Vista [1] /XP [2] /2000/ME/98/95 [citation needed]) is accessed by pressing the F8 key as the operating system boots. [3] Also, in a multi-boot environment with multiple versions of Windows installed side by side, the F8 key can be pressed at the OS selector prompt to get to ...
The most common way of implementing a user mode separate from kernel mode involves operating system protection rings. Protection rings, in turn, are implemented using CPU modes . Typically, kernel space programs run in kernel mode , also called supervisor mode ; normal applications in user space run in user mode.
The Kernel-Mode Driver Framework (KMDF) is a driver framework developed by Microsoft as a tool to aid driver developers create and maintain kernel mode device drivers for Windows 2000 [a] and later releases. It is one of the frameworks included in the Windows Driver Frameworks. [1]
The Windows NT kernel is a hybrid kernel; the architecture comprises a simple kernel, hardware abstraction layer (HAL), drivers, and a range of services (collectively named Executive), which all exist in kernel mode. [1] User mode in Windows NT is made of subsystems capable of passing I/O requests to the appropriate kernel mode device drivers ...
The Windows NT operating system family's architecture consists of two layers (user mode and kernel mode), with many different modules within both of these layers.One prominent example of a hybrid kernel is the Microsoft Windows NT kernel that powers all operating systems in the Windows NT family, up to and including Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022, and powers Windows Phone 8, Windows Phone ...
The Linux kernel got the prerequisite for kernel-based mode setting by accepting Intel GEM in version 2.6.28, released in December 2008. [2] This will be [needs update] replaced by Tungstens Graphics TTM (Translation Table Maps) memory manager which supports the GEM API. [3]
These routines can be either used to hide the presence of software or to act as a backdoor to allow attackers permanent code execution with kernel privileges. For both reasons, hooking SSDT calls is often used as a technique in both Windows kernel mode rootkits and antivirus software. [1] [2]