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The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla, and into the upper cervical spinal cord. The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans): The mesencephalic nucleus; The principal sensory nucleus
The mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve is one of the sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). It is located in the brainstem. It receives proprioceptive sensory information from the muscles of mastication and other muscles of the head and neck. It is involved in processing information about the position of the jaw/teeth.
The principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve (or chief sensory nucleus of V, main trigeminal sensory nucleus) is a group of second-order neurons which have cell bodies in the caudal pons. It receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw via first order neurons ...
The principal nucleus contains a touch-position sensory map of the face and mouth, just as the spinal trigeminal nucleus contains a complete pain-temperature map. This nucleus is analogous to the dorsal column nuclei (the gracile and cuneate nuclei) of the spinal cord, which contain a touch-position map of the rest of the body.
The ventral trigeminal tract, ventral trigeminothalamic tract, anterior trigeminal tract, or anterior trigeminothalamic tract, is a tract composed of second-order neuronal axons. These afferent fibers carry sensory information about discriminative and crude touch, conscious proprioception, pain, and temperature from the head, face, and oral cavity.
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The trigeminal motor nucleus contains motor neurons that innervate muscles of the first branchial arch, namely the muscles of mastication, the tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of the digastric. [1] It is situated in the upper pons, inferior to the lateral part of the floor of the fourth ventricle. [2]
The dorsal trigeminal tract (also dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, or posterior trigeminothalamic tract) are uncrossed second-order sensory fibers conveying fine (discriminative) touch and pressure information from the dorsomedial division of principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve to the ipsilateral ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus.