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Meaning 1: No RAM installed/detected 2: Incompatible RAM type installed (for example, EDO) 3: No RAM banks passed memory testing 4: Bad checksum for the remainder of the boot ROM: 5: Bad checksum for the ROM boot block
The simplest checksum algorithm is the so-called longitudinal parity check, which breaks the data into "words" with a fixed number n of bits, and then computes the bitwise exclusive or (XOR) of all those words. The result is appended to the message as an extra word.
If the ROM has a valid checksum, the BIOS transfers control to the entry address, which in a normal BIOS extension ROM should be the beginning of the extension's initialization routine. At this point, the extension ROM code takes over, typically testing and initializing the hardware it controls and registering interrupt vectors for use by post ...
The CMOS RAM and the real-time clock have been integrated as a part of the southbridge chipset and they may not be standalone chips on modern motherboards. [4] [5] In turn, the southbridge has been integrated into a single Platform Controller Hub. Alternatively BIOS settings may be stored in the computer's Super I/O chip. [6]
HP 2100A HP 1000 E-Series minicomputer with a 9895A dual 8-inch "flexible disc memory" drives. The HP 2100 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers that were produced by Hewlett-Packard (HP) from the mid-1960s to early 1990s. Tens of thousands of machines in the series were sold over its 25-year lifetime, making HP the fourth-largest minicomputer ...
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) is an open standard that operating systems can use to discover and configure computer hardware components, to perform power management (e.g. putting unused hardware components to sleep), auto configuration (e.g. Plug and Play and hot swapping), and status monitoring.
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The final digit of a Universal Product Code, International Article Number, Global Location Number or Global Trade Item Number is a check digit computed as follows: [3] [4]. Add the digits in the odd-numbered positions from the left (first, third, fifth, etc.—not including the check digit) together and multiply by three.