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Hallucination is defined as visual perception without external stimulation. It must be distinguished whether the individual is able to recognize that the perception is not real, also called pseudo-hallucination, or that the individual endorses it as real, also called delusion. It is only delusion that has serious psychiatric implications.
For the diagnosis to be made, auditory and visual hallucinations cannot be prominent, though olfactory or tactile hallucinations related to the content of the delusion may be present. [7] The delusions cannot be due to the effects of a drug , medication , or general medical condition , and delusional disorder cannot be diagnosed in an ...
Oneiroid syndrome is often accompanied by frequent hallucinations and pseudohallucinations, as well as visual illusions. [4] Patients do not identify the perceived phenomena as belonging to the real world, but rather as belonging to other realms or spheres, which cannot be observed or accessed by ordinary people. [ 4 ]
A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the compelling sense of reality. [6] They are distinguishable from several related phenomena, such as dreaming (), which does not involve wakefulness; pseudohallucination, which does not mimic real perception, and is accurately perceived as unreal; illusion, which involves distorted or misinterpreted real ...
The hallucinations in oneirophrenia are increased or derive under decreased sensory input. Psychoanalysts, such as Claudio Naranjo, in the sixties have described the value of ibogaine-induced oneirophrenia for inducing and manipulating free fantasy and dream-like associations in patients under treatment.
The hallucinations are normally colorful, vivid images that occur during wakefulness, predominantly at night. [3] Lilliputian hallucinations (also called Alice in Wonderland syndrome), hallucinations in which people or animals appear smaller than they would be in real life, are common in cases of peduncular hallucinosis. [1]
Impaired perception functioning leads to illusions and hallucinations often in the visual sensory modality. This then causes agitation and distress and secondary delusions. The term confusion state is sometimes used to mean clouding of consciousness, but is avoided whenever possible because it is ambiguous.
The book takes influence from the works of Frank Podmore, Joseph Jastrow and Ivor Lloyd Tuckett dealing with the "fallacies underlying psychical research". Rawcliffe critically examines claims of the occult, parapsychology and spiritualism concluding that they are best explained by psychological factors such as hallucination, hysteria, neurosis and suggestion as well as "delusion, fraud ...