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  2. Orexin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orexin

    Orexin (/ ɒ ˈ r ɛ k s ɪ n /), also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. [5] It exists in the forms of orexin-A and orexin-B.The most common form of narcolepsy, type 1, in which the individual experiences brief losses of muscle tone ("drop attacks" or cataplexy), is caused by a lack of orexin in the brain due to destruction of the cells ...

  3. Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithine_transcarbamylase...

    Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency also known as OTC deficiency is the most common urea cycle disorder in humans. Ornithine transcarbamylase , the defective enzyme in this disorder, is the final enzyme in the proximal portion of the urea cycle , responsible for converting carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine into citrulline .

  4. Narcolepsy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy

    Orexin, otherwise known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that acts within the brain to regulate appetite and wakefulness as well as a number of other cognitive and physiological processes. [27] [38] [39] Loss of these orexin-producing neurons causes narcolepsy and most individuals with narcolepsy have a reduced number of these neurons in their ...

  5. Lateral hypothalamus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_hypothalamus

    The lateral hypothalamus (LH), also called the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), [1] contains the primary orexinergic nucleus within the hypothalamus that widely projects throughout the nervous system; [2] this system of neurons mediates an array of cognitive and physical processes, such as promoting feeding behavior and arousal, reducing pain perception, and regulating body temperature ...

  6. Orexin antagonist - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orexin_antagonist

    An orexin receptor antagonist, or orexin antagonist, is a drug that inhibits the effect of orexin by acting as a receptor antagonist of one (selective orexin receptor antagonist or SORA) or both (dual orexin receptor antagonis or DORA) of the orexin receptors, OX 1 and OX 2. [1] Medical applications include treatment of sleep disorders such as ...

  7. Cataplexy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataplexy

    Cataplexy is the first symptom to appear in about 10% of cases of narcolepsy, [2] caused by an autoimmune destruction of hypothalamic neurons that produce the neuropeptide hypocretin (also called orexin), which regulates arousal and has a role in stabilization of the transition between wake and sleep states. [3]

  8. List of abbreviations for diseases and disorders - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abbreviations_for...

    XDH deficiency Xanthine dehydrogenase deficiency XDP X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism XDR TB Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: XHED X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: XLMTM X-linked myotubular myopathy: XLOS X-linked Opitz G/BBB syndrome XLP syndrome X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (see Duncan Disease) XLSA

  9. Ornithine aminotransferase deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithine_aminotransferase...

    Symptoms of OAT deficiency are progressive, and between the ages of 45 and 65, most affected individuals are almost completely blind. [ 3 ] In some cases, affected individuals will present in the neonatal period with disease that closely mimics a classic urea cycle defect, such as ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency , as the block in ...