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The Classical Public Administration Theory prioritizes efficiency in organizational work, professionalization, a pragmatic approach to bureaucracy, and merit-based promotions. The classical system includes a strict definition of responsibilities and objectives and control over all involved functions.
According to the budget-maximizing model, rational bureaucrats will always and everywhere seek to increase their budgets in order to increase their own power, thereby contributing strongly to state growth and potentially reducing social efficiency. The bureau-shaping model has been developed as a response to the budget-maximizing model.
Accountability focuses on the inputs going into the system or program in action and is best characterized by the line-item budgeting approach. It is best suited for the control and monitoring functions of a budget. Efficiency focuses on the process of the system or program and its conversion of inputs (resources) into outputs (policy). Its ...
The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA) (Pub. L. 103–62) is a United States law enacted in 1993, [1] one of a series of laws designed to improve government performance management. The GPRA requires agencies to engage in performance management tasks such as setting goals, measuring results, and reporting their progress.
Bureaucracy (/ b j ʊəˈr ɒ k r ə s i /; bure-OK-rə-see) is a system of organization where decisions are made by a body of non-elected officials. [1] Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. [2]
Government audit organizations generally utilize established standards to conduct performance audits. In the United States, audit organizations use either Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards, known as the Yellow Book, or the Institute of Internal Auditors's International Professional Practices Framework, known as the Red Book.
The US Treasury pegs the federal budget deficit in fiscal year 2024 at $1.8 trillion. The deficit is expected to grow to $2.8 trillion by 2034, per the Congressional Budget Office.
Government accounting refers to the process of recording and the management of all financial transactions incurred by the government which includes its income and expenditures. Various governmental accounting systems are used by various public sector entities.