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Dental abscess; Other names: Dentoalveolar abscess, periapical abscess, tooth abscess, root abscess: A decayed, broken down tooth, which has undergone pulpal necrosis. A periapical abscess (i.e. around the apex of the tooth root) has then formed and pus is draining into the mouth via an intraoral sinus . Specialty: Dentistry
The cause of this situation is usually a periapical or periodontal infection of a maxillary posterior tooth, where the inflammatory exudate has eroded through the bone superiorly to drain into the maxillary sinus. Medical management and treatment of the underlying dental pathology remains a critical initial step in the treatment of odontogenic ...
In addition to periapical abscesses, periapical periodontitis can give rise to various related lesions, including periapical granulomas and cysts. [11] A periapical granuloma (also referred to as an 'apical granuloma' or 'radicular granuloma') is a mass of chronically inflamed granulation tissue that forms at the apex of the root of a nonvital ...
It may develop rapidly from a periapical granuloma, as a consequence of untreated chronic periapical periodontitis. [ 1 ] Periapical is defined as "the tissues surrounding the apex of the root of a tooth " and a cyst is "a pathological cavity lined by epithelium , having fluid or gaseous content that is not created by the accumulation of pus."
A phoenix abscess is an acute exacerbation of a chronic periapical lesion. It is a dental abscess that can occur immediately following root canal treatment. Another cause is due to untreated necrotic pulp (chronic apical periodontitis). [1] It is also the result of inadequate debridement during the endodontic procedure.
The etiology of odontogenic sinusitis is primarily related to dental infections or procedures. Preliminary studies suggest that odontogenic sinusitis has different biological mechanisms from acute or chronic rhinosinusitis. [4] Dental conditions such as gum disease, periapical abscesses, or tooth decay can lead to odontogenic sinusitis ...
Periodontal abscesses may be difficult to distinguish from periapical abscesses. Since the management of a periodontal abscess is different from a periapical abscess, this differentiation is important to make (see Dental abscess#Diagnostic approach) For example, root canal therapy is unnecessary and has no impact on pain in a periodontal abscess.
In 1890, W.D. Miller, considered the father of oral microbiology, was the first to associate pulpal disease with the presence of bacteria. [11] This was confirmed by Kakehashi, who, in 1965, proved that bacteria were the cause of pulpal and periradicular disease in studies using animal models; pulpal exposures were initiated in both normal and germ-free rats, and while no pathologic changes ...